Getting Started With SQL Server: 2. Sort Your Query Results

In this lesson you are going to explore how to sort your query results by using SQL’s ORDER BY statement.  Using this phrase allows us to sort our result in ascending or descending order.  In addition you can limit your query to a specified number of results.

The lesson’s objectives are to:

1. learn how to sort on one column in ascending or descending order
2. sort on two or more columns
3. sort on a calculated field
4. limit our query to a specified number of results

Important! Please follow along and do the examples in your database.  If you haven’t already done so, sign up for my Guide to Getting Started with SQL Server.  You get instructions on how to install the free tools and sample database.

SORT using ORDER BY

In order to sort a query’s results use the ORDER BY clause.  This clause comes after the FROM clause and is where you specify columns or expression to use to order your data.

When using the ORDER BY clause the select statement takes the form

SELECT columns FROM table ORDER BY columns;

So if you wanted to sort people by last name you could state

SELECT   FirstName,
         LastName
FROM     Person.Person
ORDER BY LastName

In addition you can specify the direction to sort.  Unless specified, all sorts are in ascending order (smallest to largest) and can be explicitly specified using the ASC keyword

SELECT   FirstName,
         LastName
FROM     Person.Person
ORDER BY LastName ASC

To sort by LastName in descending order you would issue the statement

SELECT   FirstName,
         LastName
FROM     Person.Person
ORDER BY LastName DESC

DESC stand for Descending.

Sort  More than One Column

You can also order by more than one column.  Just separate the columns you wish to sort with a comma.  If you wanted to sort PurchaseOrderDetail by OrderQty and UnitPrice enter

SELECT   PurchaseOrderID,
         OrderQty,
         UnitPrice
FROM     Purchasing.PurchaseOrderDetail
ORDER BY OrderQty, UnitPrice

You can also specify the sort order, that is whether the columns are sorted in ascending or descending order.  In this sample the PurchaseOrderDetails are sorted in descending order by price within quantity.

SELECT   PurchaseOrderID,
         OrderQty,
         UnitPrice
FROM     Purchasing.PurchaseOrderDetail
ORDER BY OrderQty ASC, UnitPrice DESC

 Order  using A Calculated Value

So far you have learned to sort on one or more columns, but did you know you can sort on a expression?  For instance, consider PurchaseOrderDetail, perhaps you would like to know who has the largest orders.  Of course you can sort by Quantity or UnitPrice, but what about TotalPrice?  That column doesn’t exist in the table, be we learned how to create it as a an expression in our last lesson.  Can we sort on this?

Sure!

Check out the following, and look closely at the ORDER BY clause, there you’ll see where it’s ordered by TotalPrice (UnitPrice * Quantity)

SELECT   PurchaseOrderID,
         UnitPrice,
         OrderQty
FROM     Purchasing.PurchaseOrderDetail
ORDER BY UnitPrice * OrderQty

To make it more clear, lets also display the TotalPrice

SELECT   PurchaseOrderID,
         UnitPrice,
         OrderQty,
         UnitPrice * OrderQty AS TotalPrice
FROM     Purchasing.PurchaseOrderDetail
ORDER BY UnitPrice * OrderQty

And here is where aliasing, or renaming fields, can help.  Here UnitPrice * OrderQty is aliased as TotalPrice in the SELECT clause.  Now that’s done, we can simply refer to TotalPrice when specifying the sort order.

SELECT   PurchaseOrderID,
         UnitPrice,
         OrderQty,
         UnitPrice * OrderQty AS TotalPrice
FROM     Purchasing.PurchaseOrderDetail
ORDER BY TotalPrice

Get TOP Results

The last item I would like to go over with you is being able to limit the number of sorted results returned from a list.  This makes it really easy to return the “first ten” or “top ten” items in a search.  For instance if you want to know the top five PurchaseOrderDetail items, you could enter the following query into SSMS

SELECT   TOP 5 PurchaseOrderID,
               UnitPrice,
               OrderQty,
               UnitPrice * OrderQty AS TotalPrice
FROM     Purchasing.PurchaseOrderDetail
ORDER BY TotalPrice

The TOP keyword limits our search to the first five rows.  You can limit by other numbers of course, in fact you can also limit by any number resulting from an expression.

Tip!  To get the last five rows of a result, such as the smallest five orders, just order your result in descending order.

Exercises

It’s important to practice! Use the sample database to answer these questions.

1. Write a statement to select Employee NationalIDNumbrer, MaritalStatus, BirthDate and JobTitle, sorted by BirthDate.
2. Write a statement to select Person first and last names ordered by the upper case equivalent of their last name.   Remember:  We discussed UPPER in the previous lesson.
3. Select the first two names to appear in a sort of Person LastNames.
4. Select the last three names to appear in a sort of Person LastNames.

Answers are Here!

Congratulations!  You just learned how to use the select command to query a database.  More tutorials are to follow!

Remember!  I want to remind you all that if you have other questions you want answered, then post a comment or tweet me.  I’m here to help you.

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